Greenhouse Gases

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https://repoemc.ukm.my/handle/123456789/62

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 43

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Are secondary forests second-rate? Comparing peatland greenhouse gas emissions, chemical and microbial community properties between primary and secondary forests in Peninsular Malaysia
(Elsevier, 2019) Selvakumar Dhandapani; Karl Ritz; Stephanie Evers; Catherine M. Yule; Sofie Sjögersten
Tropical peatlands are globally important ecosystems with high C storage and are endangered by anthropogenic disturbances. Microbes in peatlands play an important role in sustaining the functions of peatlands as a C sink, yet their characteristics in these habitats are poorly understood. This research aimed to elucidate the responses of these complex ecosystems to disturbance by exploring greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, nutrient contents, soil microbial communities and the functional interactions between these components in a primary and secondary peat swamp forest in Peninsular Malaysia.
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Assessment of methane emission and oxidation at Air Hitam Landfill site cover soil in wet tropical climate
(Springer, 2013) Mohammed F. M. Abushammala; Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri; Rahmah Elfithri
Methane (CH4) emissions and oxidation were measured at the Air Hitam sanitary landfill in Malaysia and were modeled using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change waste model to estimate the CH4 generation rate constant, k. The emissions were measured at several locations using a fabricated static flux chamber. A combination of gas concentrations in soil profiles and surface CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions at four monitoring locations were used to estimate the CH4 oxidation capacity. The temporal variations in CH4 and CO2 emissions were also investigated in this study.
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Baseline study of methane emission from open digesting tanks of palm oil mill effluent treatment
(Elsevier, 2005) Shahrakbah Yacob; Mohd Ali Hassan; Yoshihito Shirai; Minato Wakisaka; Sunderaj Subash
Anthropogenic release of greenhouse gases, especially CO2 and CH4 has been recognized as one of the main causes of global warming. Several measures under the Kyoto Protocol 1997 have been drawn up to reduce the greenhouse gases emission. One of the measures is Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) that was created to enable developed countries to cooperate with developing countries in emission reduction activities. In Malaysia, palm oil industry particularly from palm oil mill effluent (POME) anaerobic treatment has been identified as an important source of CH4. However, there is no study to quantify the actual CH4 emission from the commercial scale wastewater treatment facility. Hence, this paper shall address the CH4 emission from the open digesting tanks in Felda Serting Hilir Palm Oil Mill. CH4 emission pattern was recorded for 52 weeks from 3600 m3 open digesting tanks.
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Bukti Penggunaan Elektrik Memimpin Perubahan Iklim di Malaysia
(Penerbit UKM, 2018) Yogambigai Rajamoorthya; Ooi Bee Chena; Subramaniam Munusamy
Penggunaan elektrik di Malaysia meningkatkan permintaan sebagai salah satu daya penggerak pembangunan ekonomi. Sumber utama penjanaan tenaga elektrik di Malaysia bergantung pada bahan bakar fosil yang menyebabkan pencemaran udara dan kekurangan sumber daya alam (fosil) pada masa akan datang jika kaedah ini terus berlanjut. Selain itu, ini akan menyebabkan masalah serius seperti pemeliharaan pilihan tenaga dan akan merosakkan alam sekitar. Kajian ini menyiasat hubungan antara pembolehubah iklim dan penggunaan tenaga elektrik di Malaysia. Pembolehubah iklim yang penting termasuk suhu purata, hujan purata, kawasan hutan, pelepasan karbon dioksida dan tanah pertanian sepanjang tempoh 1991 hingga 2015.
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Carbon dioxide balance of an oil palm plantation established on tropical peat
(Elsevier, 2020) Frankie Kiew; Ryuichi Hirata; Takashi Hirano; Wong Guan Xhuan; Edward Baran Aries; Kevin Kemudang; Joseph Wenceslaus; Lo Kim San; Lulie Melling
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission through accelerated peat decomposition is one of the main environmental concerns in the conversion of peatlands into plantations, which undergo drainage to increase palm growth rates and production. Changes in aboveground biomass might also significantly alter the CO2 exchange dynamics of the ecosystem. Despite the potential changes in CO2 balance due to land conversion, so far no study has been conducted using the eddy covariance technique about the CO2 balance of oil palm plantations established on peat. We have monitored the eddy CO2 flux above an oil palm plantation on peat in Sarawak, Malaysia since 2011.
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Carbon Emission Pinch Analysis: an application to the transportation sector in Iskandar Malaysia for 2025
(Springer, 2018) Ahmad Fakrul Ramli; Zarina Ab Muis; Wai Shin Ho; Ahmad Muzammil Idris; Aminullah Mohtar
The energy sector has grown significantly over the years, causing an increase in carbon emission that has led to serious global warming problems. Consequently, electric vehicles (EVs) have become a favourable solution in the transportation sector due to their green technology attributes. This paper aims to apply the Carbon Emission Pinch Analysis (CEPA) method to the transportation sector in Iskandar Malaysia.
Open Access
Carbon footprint assessment at Universiti Teknologi MARA Seri Iskandar campus, Malaysia
(UiTM Press, 2017) Nor Izana Mohd Shobri; Wan Noor Anira Hj Wan Ali @ Yaacob; Norizan Mt Akhir; Siti Rasidah Md Sakip
The purpose of this study is to assess the carbon footprint emission at UiTM Perak, Seri Iskandar Campus. The assessment focuses on electrical power and transportation usage. Questionnaires were distributed to the staffs and students to survey their transportation usage in the year 2014 while for electrical consumption, the study used total energy consumed in the year 2014.
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Carbon monoxide 'hot-spots' in urban area of Kota Kinabalu City, Sabah
(UMS, 2015) Justin Sentian; Ong Pei Tze
Air dispersion models have been widely used to address air quality problems at microscale in urban environments, as they are capable of providing valuable information for better and more efficient urban air quality planning. The aim of this paper was to measure the CO concentration near roadways and intersections at three major roads in Kota Kinabalu city centre during morning, afternoon and evening peak hours using CAL3QHC dispersion model and also to identify CO concentration;hot-spots'.
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Causal nexus between energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission for Malaysia using maximum entropy bootstrap approach
(Springer, 2015) Sehrish Gul; Xiang Zou; Che Hashim Hassan; Muhammad Azam; Khalid Zaman
This study investigates the relationship between energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission in the causal framework, as the direction of causality remains has a significant policy implication for developed and developing countries. The study employed maximum entropy bootstrap (Meboot) approach to examine the causal nexus between energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission using bivariate as well as multivariate framework for Malaysia, over a period of 1975–2013.
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Climate Change and Carbon Reduction Initiatives for Sustainable Campus
(European Journal of Social Sciences, 2009) Kadaruddin Aiyub; Kadir Arifin; Azahan Awang; Jamaluddin Md. Jahi; Shaharuddin Ahmad; Mohd. Talib Latif; Ahmad Fariz Mohamed
Climate change is a global issue that needs to be tackled by every individual, groups, organization and nations. With our current path of development, climate change seems inevitable. Mitigation measures and adaptation strategies need to be set up just to avoid any further destruction. As IPCC reported that current CO2 level is around 380ppm and will increased to 450ppm under business as usual scenario, stabilization at this point will increased temperature by 2° C. Any increasing in temperature beyond this point will risk human life.This research promote one of mitigating measure, Carbon Reduction Initiatives (CRI) that involved behavior changes on individual and using financial gains as encouragement point.
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COVID-19 Restriction Movement Control Order (MCO) impacted emissions of Peninsular Malaysia using Sentinel-2a and Sentinel-5p satellite
(Springer, 2022) Nur Aina Mazlan; Nurul Ain Mohd Zaki; Rohayu Haron Narashid; Noorfatekah Talib; Janaki Manokaran; Fadhlina Che Arshad; Shukor Sanim Mohd Fauzi; Nazri Che Dom; Mohammad Valipour; Ramzah Dambul; Stephen Blenkinsop
The unprecedented outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted the whole world in every aspect including health, social life, economic activity, education, and the environment. The pandemic has led to an improvement in air quality all around the world, including in Malaysia. Lockdowns have resulted in industry shutting down and road travel decreasing which can reduce the emission of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) and air pollution. This research assesses the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on emissions using the Air Pollution Index (API), aerosols, and GHG which is Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) in Malaysia.
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Diurnal models of traffic-generated CO for Penang, Malaysia
(Springer, 1991) Hock-Lye Koh; Poh-Eng Lim
The existing traffic dispersal system is utterly inadequate to cope with the ever increasing number of cars and motorcycles on the road. The principal objective of this study is to build prediction models of CO to be employed as one of the planning tools in the future design of Penang urban traffic dispersal system. This study involves the monitoring of kerbside CO levels at selected sites and the fitting of hourly-averaged CO data to linear regression models incorporating the residual effect of CO emission due to traffic in the earlier periods and also different categories of vehicles.
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Dynamic impact of household consumption on its CO2 emissions in Malaysia
(Springer, 2014) Kazi Sohag; Rawshan Ara Begum; Sharifah Mastura Syed Abdullah
This article aims to measure the dynamic impact of household consumption (final household consumption expenditure, LHC) on CO2 emission from household’s energy consumption in Malaysia from 1971 to 2010.
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Empirical gas emission and oxidation measurement at cover soil of dumping site: example from Malaysia
(Springer, 2013) Mohammed F. M. Abushammala; Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri; Hassan Basri; Abdul Amir H. Kadhum; Ahmed Hussein El-Shafie
Methane (CH4) is one of the most relevant greenhouse gases and it has a global warming potential 25 times greater than that of carbon dioxide (CO2), risking human health and the environment. Microbial CH4 oxidation in landfill cover soils may constitute a means of controlling CH4 emissions. The study was intended to quantify CH4 and CO2 emissions rates at the Sungai Sedu open dumping landfill during the dry season, characterize their spatial and temporal variations, and measure the CH4 oxidation associated with the landfill cover soil using a homemade static flux chamber.
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Employing a CGE model in analysing the environmental and economy-wide impacts of CO2 emission abatement policies in Malaysia
(Elsevier, 2017) Masoud Yahoo; Jamal Othman
The impact of global warming has received much international attention in recent decades. To meet climate-change mitigation targets, environmental policy instruments have been designed to transform the way goods and services are produced as well as alter consumption patterns. The government of Malaysia is strongly committed to reducing CO2 gas emissions as a proportion of GDP by 40% from 2005 levels by the year 2020. This study evaluates the economy-wide impacts of implementing two different types of CO2 emission abatement policies in Malaysia using market-based (imposing a carbon tax) and command-and-control mechanism (sectoral emission standards).
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Energy consumption and emission projection for the road transport sector in Malaysia: an application of the LEAP model
(Springer, 2016) Musharrat Azam; Jamal Othman; Rawshan Ara Begum; Sharifah Mastura Syed Abdullah; Nor Ghani Md. Nor
This study has attempted to estimate the energy consumption and emission of pollutants namely carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) from the road transport sector in Malaysia from the year 2012 till 2040.
Open Access
Evaluation of methane generation rate and potential from selected landfills in Malaysia
(Springer, 2014) M. F. M. Abushammala; N. E. A. Basri; A. A. H. Kadhum; H. Basri; A. H. El-Shafie; S. A. Sharifah Mastura
Methane emissions and oxidation were measured during the wet and dry seasons at the Air Hitam, Jeram, and Sungai Sedu landfills in Malaysia. The resulting levels of methane emissions and oxidation were then modeled using the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change 1996 first order decay (FOD) model to obtain methane generation rate and potential values.
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Greenhouse gas emissions during plantation stage of palm oil-based biofuel production addressing different land conversion scenarios in Malaysia
(Springer, 2017) Faradiella Mohd Kusin; Nurul Izzati Mat Akhir; Ferdaus Mohamat-Yusuff; Muhamad Awang
The environmental impacts with regard to agro-based biofuel production have been associated with the impact of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, field GHG emissions during plantation stage of palm oil-based biofuel production associated with land use changes for oil palm plantation development have been evaluated.
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How do land use practices affect methane emissions from tropical peat ecosystems?
(Elsevier, 2020) Guan Xhuan Wong; Ryuichi Hirata; Takashi Hirano; Frankie Kiew; Edward Baran Aeries; Kevin Kemudang Musin; Joseph Wenceslaus Waili; Kim San Lo; Lulie Melling
Wetlands in Southeast Asia are thought to be one of the greatest sources of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere. Tropical peatlands are typical in Southeast Asia, and store an enormous amount of soil organic carbon. However, chamber studies of soil CH4 flux have reported that CH4 emissions from tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia are almost negligible. Recently, it was reported that some tree species growing in peat swamp forests emit considerable CH4 from their stems. Thus, ecosystem-scale flux measurement is essential to quantify the CH4 balance of tropical peat ecosystems. In this 3-year study (February 2014 to January 2017), using the eddy covariance technique, we measured the net ecosystem exchange of CH4 (FCH4) above three different tropical peat ecosystems in Sarawak, Malaysia.
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Implementation of the energy efficiency existing ship index and carbon intensity indicator on domestic ship for marine environmental protection
(Elsevier, 2023) Lai Fatt Chuah; Kasypi Mokhtar; Siti Marsila Mhd Ruslan; Anuar Abu Bakar; Mohd Azhafiz Abdullah; Nor Hasni Osman; Awais Bokhari; Muhammad Mubashir; Pau Loke Show
The International Maritime Organization has set a goal to achieve a 50% reduction of total annual greenhouse gas emission related to the international shipping by 2050 compared to the 2008 baseline emissions. Malaysia government has taken an initiative to investigate the assessment (cost-effectiveness) of this International Maritime Organization's short-term measure on Malaysian-registered domestic ships although this measure is only for international merchant ship. To achieve this, this paper collected the ship's data from the shipowners from 25 sample ships.