Greenhouse Gases

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https://repoemc.ukm.my/handle/123456789/62

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Diurnal models of traffic-generated CO for Penang, Malaysia
(Springer, 1991) Hock-Lye Koh; Poh-Eng Lim
The existing traffic dispersal system is utterly inadequate to cope with the ever increasing number of cars and motorcycles on the road. The principal objective of this study is to build prediction models of CO to be employed as one of the planning tools in the future design of Penang urban traffic dispersal system. This study involves the monitoring of kerbside CO levels at selected sites and the fitting of hourly-averaged CO data to linear regression models incorporating the residual effect of CO emission due to traffic in the earlier periods and also different categories of vehicles.
Open Access
Methane gas production from a landfill model under saturated conditions
(Universiti Pertanian Malaysia Press, 1995) Nasiman Sapari
A laboratory experiment was conducted to examine methane gas production from landfills under saturated moisture conditions. A landfill model was constructed from a 4-m PVC cylinder of 20 cm internal diameter, to simulate municipal landfill cells of 2.5 m thickness on sandy soils. The same soil was used as the cover material. The landfill was operated over a period of 30 months, for the first 24 months without leachate mobilization and the last 6 months with leachate mobilization.
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Reduction of methane released from palm oil mill lagoon in Malaysia and its countermeasures
(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003) Yoshihito Shirai; Minato Wakisaka; Shahrakbah Yacob; Mohd Ali Hassan; Shin’ichi Suzuki
Palm oil industry in Malaysia is one of the potential candidates for the CDM project because large amount of methane is emitted from the lagoons and open digesting tank of the wastewater treatment system. Therefore the first objective of the project is to investigate the actual GHG emission from the lagoons and open digesting tank in palm oil mills in order to establish the baseline for CDM project.
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Measurement of CO2 flux above a tropical rainforest at Pasoh in Peninsular Malaysia
(Elsevier, 2003) Yukio Yasuda; Yoshikazu Ohtani; Tsutomu Watanabe; Michiaki Okano; Takeo Yokota; Naishen Liang; Yanhong Tang; Abdul Rahim Nik; Makoto Tani; Toshinori Okuda
This paper reports on the results of a short-term observation of CO2 flux above a tropical forest at Pasoh in Peninsular Malaysia, using the eddy covariance method with a closed-path CO2 analyzer, in March 1998. CO2 concentration profiles above and in a canopy were also measured.
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Baseline study of methane emission from open digesting tanks of palm oil mill effluent treatment
(Elsevier, 2005) Shahrakbah Yacob; Mohd Ali Hassan; Yoshihito Shirai; Minato Wakisaka; Sunderaj Subash
Anthropogenic release of greenhouse gases, especially CO2 and CH4 has been recognized as one of the main causes of global warming. Several measures under the Kyoto Protocol 1997 have been drawn up to reduce the greenhouse gases emission. One of the measures is Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) that was created to enable developed countries to cooperate with developing countries in emission reduction activities. In Malaysia, palm oil industry particularly from palm oil mill effluent (POME) anaerobic treatment has been identified as an important source of CH4. However, there is no study to quantify the actual CH4 emission from the commercial scale wastewater treatment facility. Hence, this paper shall address the CH4 emission from the open digesting tanks in Felda Serting Hilir Palm Oil Mill. CH4 emission pattern was recorded for 52 weeks from 3600 m3 open digesting tanks.
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The effects of logging on soil greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, N2O) flux in a tropical rain forest, Peninsular Malaysia
(Elsevier, 2008) Yuichiro Yashiro; Wan Rashidah Kadir; Toshinori Okuda; Hiroshi Koizumi
To evaluate the effects of logging on soil greenhouse gas flux in a tropical rain forest, we measured CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes at logged and unlogged sites in Peninsular Malaysia (N = 7–27 at each site).
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Climate Change and Carbon Reduction Initiatives for Sustainable Campus
(European Journal of Social Sciences, 2009) Kadaruddin Aiyub; Kadir Arifin; Azahan Awang; Jamaluddin Md. Jahi; Shaharuddin Ahmad; Mohd. Talib Latif; Ahmad Fariz Mohamed
Climate change is a global issue that needs to be tackled by every individual, groups, organization and nations. With our current path of development, climate change seems inevitable. Mitigation measures and adaptation strategies need to be set up just to avoid any further destruction. As IPCC reported that current CO2 level is around 380ppm and will increased to 450ppm under business as usual scenario, stabilization at this point will increased temperature by 2° C. Any increasing in temperature beyond this point will risk human life.This research promote one of mitigating measure, Carbon Reduction Initiatives (CRI) that involved behavior changes on individual and using financial gains as encouragement point.
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Urban traffic changes and CO2 generation in small cities: the case study of Seremban and Nilai
(Environmental Management Society Malaysia, 2010) Ahmad Fariz Mohamed; Mohd Talib Latiff
This findings of this show that there is a significant relationship between urban traffic and air pollution for both Seremban and Nilai townships. However the pollution condition trends show no critical incidents where air pollution becomes important issues for them. This is due to unavailability of other analyses such as comfort level and health. Moreover, no study has been conducted to understand what the level of acceptance for traffic volume is and it's emission to the city air space. Therefore management for better traffic needs to determine the flow and carrying capacity of city for its traffic volume is badly needed.
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Assessment of methane emission and oxidation at Air Hitam Landfill site cover soil in wet tropical climate
(Springer, 2013) Mohammed F. M. Abushammala; Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri; Rahmah Elfithri
Methane (CH4) emissions and oxidation were measured at the Air Hitam sanitary landfill in Malaysia and were modeled using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change waste model to estimate the CH4 generation rate constant, k. The emissions were measured at several locations using a fabricated static flux chamber. A combination of gas concentrations in soil profiles and surface CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions at four monitoring locations were used to estimate the CH4 oxidation capacity. The temporal variations in CH4 and CO2 emissions were also investigated in this study.
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Empirical gas emission and oxidation measurement at cover soil of dumping site: example from Malaysia
(Springer, 2013) Mohammed F. M. Abushammala; Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri; Hassan Basri; Abdul Amir H. Kadhum; Ahmed Hussein El-Shafie
Methane (CH4) is one of the most relevant greenhouse gases and it has a global warming potential 25 times greater than that of carbon dioxide (CO2), risking human health and the environment. Microbial CH4 oxidation in landfill cover soils may constitute a means of controlling CH4 emissions. The study was intended to quantify CH4 and CO2 emissions rates at the Sungai Sedu open dumping landfill during the dry season, characterize their spatial and temporal variations, and measure the CH4 oxidation associated with the landfill cover soil using a homemade static flux chamber.
Open Access
Evaluation of methane generation rate and potential from selected landfills in Malaysia
(Springer, 2014) M. F. M. Abushammala; N. E. A. Basri; A. A. H. Kadhum; H. Basri; A. H. El-Shafie; S. A. Sharifah Mastura
Methane emissions and oxidation were measured during the wet and dry seasons at the Air Hitam, Jeram, and Sungai Sedu landfills in Malaysia. The resulting levels of methane emissions and oxidation were then modeled using the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change 1996 first order decay (FOD) model to obtain methane generation rate and potential values.
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Dynamic impact of household consumption on its CO2 emissions in Malaysia
(Springer, 2014) Kazi Sohag; Rawshan Ara Begum; Sharifah Mastura Syed Abdullah
This article aims to measure the dynamic impact of household consumption (final household consumption expenditure, LHC) on CO2 emission from household’s energy consumption in Malaysia from 1971 to 2010.
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Causal nexus between energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission for Malaysia using maximum entropy bootstrap approach
(Springer, 2015) Sehrish Gul; Xiang Zou; Che Hashim Hassan; Muhammad Azam; Khalid Zaman
This study investigates the relationship between energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission in the causal framework, as the direction of causality remains has a significant policy implication for developed and developing countries. The study employed maximum entropy bootstrap (Meboot) approach to examine the causal nexus between energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission using bivariate as well as multivariate framework for Malaysia, over a period of 1975–2013.
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Prioritizing climate change mitigation: An assessment using Malaysia to reduce carbon emissions in future
(Springer, 2015) Abul Quasem Al-Amin; Rajah Rasiah; Santha Chenayah
This study examines empirically climate change related vulnerability impacts, and remedial options as an optimal and applicable strategy by prioritizing needs in climate change mitigation over 95 years. An Empirical Downscaling Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and the Economy (EDDICE) is deployed using an optimal scenario for Malaysia against a baseline scenario of existing conditions following the top-down disaggregation strategy recommended by other studies.
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Carbon monoxide 'hot-spots' in urban area of Kota Kinabalu City, Sabah
(UMS, 2015) Justin Sentian; Ong Pei Tze
Air dispersion models have been widely used to address air quality problems at microscale in urban environments, as they are capable of providing valuable information for better and more efficient urban air quality planning. The aim of this paper was to measure the CO concentration near roadways and intersections at three major roads in Kota Kinabalu city centre during morning, afternoon and evening peak hours using CAL3QHC dispersion model and also to identify CO concentration;hot-spots'.
Open Access
Kecelaruan iklim global: Satu analisis awal
(Geografia, 2015) Noorazuan Md Hashim
Sumbangan ilmu para saintis seperti John Tyndall, Svante Arrhenius dan juga Milutin Milankovitch di dalam merangsang kefahaman ilmu sains atmosfera tidak boleh dinafikan. Hasil penelitian mereka telah menimbulkan usaha masa kini untuk mengurangkan kesan gas rumah kaca terhadap pemanasan global berterusan. Namun, kegagalan program pengurangan karbon telah menimbulkan kecelaruan dalam pengurusan adaptasi iklim global. Kajian ini cuba membuktikan wujudnya kecelaruan di dalam memahami aspek pemanasanglobal dan hubungkaitannya dengan kehadiran bencana persekitaran.
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Virtualised load management algorithm to reduce CO2 emissions in the data centre industry
(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, 2015) Mueen Uddin; Jamshed Memon; Mohd Zaidi Abd Rozan; Raed Alsaqour; Amjad Rehman
The environmental footprint of ICT continues to increase. Data centres are key contributors of greenhouse gas emissions that pollute the environment and cause global warming. All data centres are overwhelmed with numerous servers as the major components of processing. These servers and other equipment consume high amounts of power, thereby emitting CO2. In an average server environment, 30% of the servers are 'dead' and only consume energy, but such servers are not properly utilised, in which their utilisation ratios range from 5% to 10%. This paper proposes a new algorithm to manage and categorise the workload of different underutilised volume servers properly to increase their utilisation capacity.
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Energy consumption and emission projection for the road transport sector in Malaysia: an application of the LEAP model
(Springer, 2016) Musharrat Azam; Jamal Othman; Rawshan Ara Begum; Sharifah Mastura Syed Abdullah; Nor Ghani Md. Nor
This study has attempted to estimate the energy consumption and emission of pollutants namely carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) from the road transport sector in Malaysia from the year 2012 till 2040.
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Nitrous oxide emission from nitrogen fertiliser application in oil palm plantation of different stages
(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, 2016) Faradiella Mohd Kusin; Nurul Izzati Mat Akhir; Ferdaus Mohamat-Yusuff; Muhamad Awang
The release of nitrous oxide (N2O) from agricultural activities contributes to the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. In this study, the amount of nitrogen fertiliser used in an oil palm plantation of different stages (immature and mature) was estimated. Data of fertilising scheme at the oil palm plantation for oil palms varying in age (planted between 1986 and 2009) was used. Estimation of nitrous oxide emissions and the resulting CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq) emissions were calculated for each category of the oil palm.
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System dynamic modeling of CO2 emissions and pollutants from passenger cars in Malaysia, 2040
(Springer, 2016) Muhammad Azmi; Akihiro Tokai
The objective of this study is to develop a dynamic probabilistic model to determine emissions and pollutants of transportation system in Malaysia using Analytica software, with focus on passenger cars for its large number over other vehicle classes.