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Item Embargo Lead and cadmium content of total suspended particulates in the atmosphere over the Klang Valley(Universiti Pertanian Malaysia Press, 1995) Jamal Hisham Hashim; Zailina HashimFive sites (urban, suburban, new township, industrial, and rural) were selected and sampled for total suspended particulates (TSP) using high-volume samplers. The TSP were then analysed for their lead and cadmium content in 3 extraction fractions. While the most polluted sites for atmospheric lead andcadmium were different, namely the BBP (Pudu Fire Station) urban and UPM (Universiti Pertanian Malaysia) suburban sites, respectively, the least polluted site was the same for both metals, namely the KSM (Sungai Merab Village) rural site.Comparisons of the temporal distribution patterns of TSP, lead and cadmium indicate that variation in TSP concentrations does not seem to influence variations in lead and cadmium concentrations. Analysis of fractionation patterns suggests that the BBP urban site has slightly higher percentages of anthropogenic lead and cadmium from fresh sources than the other sites.Item Embargo Composition of extractable organic matter of air particles from malaysia: Initial study(Elsevier, 1996) M. Radzi Bin Abas; B.R.T. SimoneitThe solvent extractable compounds of airborne particulate samples, which were collected on two occasions in a suburb of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, with a standard high-volume air sampler, were investigated to determine the distributions of homologous and biomarker compounds.Item Embargo Characterization of fine and coarse atmospheric aerosols in Kuala Lumpur(Universiti Pertanian Malaysia Press, 1997) M. Rashid; A. Rahmalan; A. KhalikFrom July 1988 to December 1990 daily samples of atmospheric aerosols segregated into fine particlas, FP (aerodynamic diameter, da 2.5 μm) and coarse particles, CP (2.5 ≤ da ≤10 μm) were collected using a dichotomous sampler sited at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. Eighteen elements (Al, As, Br, Ca, CI, Co, Fe, K, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Si, V, and Zn) were determined from the aerosol samples.Item Embargo Statistical analysis of air pollution in the Klang Valley(UMS, 1999) Ahmad Shukri Yahaya; Noormala Mohd YusooffThe first part of this paper looks at the level of air pollution in the Klang Valley by considering two components of air pollutants that is suspended particulate matter and lead particles. The level of air pollution in traffic areas, commercial areas, industrial areas and residential areas were compared.The second part of this study, the analysis was concentrated on air pollution by heavy metals like plumbum (Pb), ferrum (Fe), cuprum (Cu), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), aluminium (Al) and nickel (Ni). Factor analysis by principal component methid was used to identitfy the source of pollution by these heavy metals.Item Embargo Air quality in Malaysia: Impacts, management issues and future challenges(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2001) Muhamad Bin Awang; Abu Bakar Jaafar; Ahmad Makmom Abdullah; Marzuki Bin Ismail; Mohd Nasir Hassan; Ramdzaini Abdullah; Shamsuddin Johan; Hamdan NoorObservations have been made on the long-term trends of major air pollutants in Malaysia including nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, the ozone and total suspended particulate matter (particularly PM10), and sulfur dioxide, emitted from industrial and urban areas from early 1970s until late 1998. The data show that the status of atmospheric environment in Malaysia, in particular in highly industrialized areas such as Klang Valley, was determined both by local and transboundary emissions and could be described as haze and non-haze periods.Item Embargo Issues of air pollution in environmental impact assessment of development projects(Environmental Management Society Malaysia, 2002) Nor Azam Ramli; Peter W Athern; Moho Rizal RazmanThe aim of this study is to establish the trends in approaches and techniques being used to address the air pollution issues in project-related development. The interest was to look at the overall issues of air pollution and how it was dealt with in the context of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). However, the review was not based upon individual Environmental Impact Assessment techniques. Twenty eight samples from four different sectors were reviewed and information pertaining to construction activities, baseline condition, impact predictions and mitigating measures were extracted and analyzed.Item Embargo Concentrations of PAHs in atmospheric particles (PM-10) and roadside soil particles collected in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia(Elsevier, 2002) Nasr Yousef M.J. Omar; M. Radzi Bin Abas; Kamal Aziz Ketuly; Norhayati Mohd. TahirThe concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric particles and roadside soil particles were measured at eight locations in the city center and the suburb of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Atmospheric particleswere collected using high-volume PM-10 sampler on glass fiber filters over 24 h average sampling period. Both types of samples were extracted with dichloromethane by ultrasonic agitation. The extracts were then fractionated on an alumina-silica column and the aromatic fraction was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis.Item Embargo Review of air pollution and health impacts in Malaysia(Elsevier, 2003) Rafia Afroz; Mohd Nasir Hassan; Noor Akma IbrahimIn the early days of abundant resources and minimal development pressures, little attention was paid to growing environmental concerns in Malaysia. The haze episodes in Southeast Asia in 1983, 1984, 1991, 1994, and 1997 imposed threats to the environmental management of Malaysia and increased awareness of the environment. As a consequence, the government established Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines, the Air Pollution Index, and the Haze Action Plan to improve air quality. Air quality monitoring is part of the initial strategy in the pollution prevention program in Malaysia. Review of air pollution in Malaysia is based on the reports of the air quality monitoring in several large cities in Malaysia, which cover air pollutants such as Carbon monoxide (CO), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Ozone (O3), and Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM).Item Embargo Organic composition of aerosol particulate matter during a haze episode in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia(Elsevier, 2004) M. Radzi Bin Abas; Noorsaadah A. Rahman; Nasr Yousef M.J. Omar; M. Jamil Maah; Azizan Abu Samah; Daniel R. Oros; Angelika Otto; Bernd R.T. SimoneitcThe solvent-extractable compounds of urban airborne particulate matter were analyzed to determine the distributions of homologous and biomarker tracers. Samples were collected by high-volume air filtration during the haze episode of 1997 around the University of Malaya campus near Petaling Jaya, a suburb of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Item Embargo Biomass burning as the main source of organic aerosol particulate matter in Malaysia during haze episodes(Elsevier, 2004) M. Radzi bin Abas; Daniel R. Oros; B.R.T. SimoneitThe haze episodes that occurred in Malaysia in September-October 1991, August-October 1994 and September-October 1997 have been attributed to suspended smoke particulate matter from biomass burning in southern Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia. In the present study, polar organic compounds in aerosol particulate matter from Malaysia are converted to their trimethylsilyl derivatives and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in order to better assess the contribution of the biomass burning component during the haze episodes.Item Embargo Chemical characterization of aerosols in Malaysian forested area: Selai, Endau-Rompin Johor National Park(Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 2005) Radzi Bin Abas M.; Nasr Yousef M.J. Omar; Mohd Jamil MaahAtmospheric aerosols from Selai, Endau-Rompin Johor National Park were collected and their solvent-extractable organic compounds were converted to their trimethylsilyl derivatives and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The principal organic compounds identified were sugar alcohols, triglycerides, fatty acids, hydrocarbons, sugars, and levoglucosan with percent compositions of 58%, 14%, 14%,6%,5%, and 3% respectively. The majority of the organic components of these forest- area aerosols is contributed by microbial sources and biomass burning.Item Embargo Evaluation of long term trends in oxide of nitrogen concentrations in the Klang Valley region, Malaysia(Environmental Management Society Malaysia, 2005) Mohamed Elnour Yassen; Jamaluddin Md. Jahi; Shaharuddin AhmadAnthropogenic emissions of NOx account for a large majority of all nitrogen inputs to the environment. The major sources of man-made NOx emissions are high-temperature combustion processes such as those that occur in automobile and power plants. NOx contribute to a wide range of environmental effects directly and when combined with other precursors in acid rain and ozone. NOx react in the air to form ground-level ozone and fine particle pollution, which are associated with adverse health effects. Principally, and for a long time, transport vehicles and industrial emissions are the major sources of the pollutants emitted in the Klang Valley atmosphere. Following the increase of urbanization and industrialization, the amount of traffic has increased in the Klang Valley. Traffic is considered as the major source of NOx in the Klang Valley. Exhaust emissions from the petrol-powered motor vehicles include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, hydrocarbons and particulate matter. A time series analysis of NOx monitoring data from six locations in the Klang Valley Region from 1997 to 2002 is presented. The aim of this study is to evaluate the variations and trends in NOx in the Klang Valley Region for the period 1997-2002.Item Embargo Air quality predictions using log normal distribution functions of particulate matter in Kuala Lumpur(Environmental Management Society Malaysia, 2006) Jannatul Naemah Mohamed Sedek; Nor Azam Ramli; Ahmad Shukri YahayaMalaysia's capital city of Kuala Lumpur has been developed from a small settlement at the confluence of the Klang and Gombak rivers into a vibrant and bustling metropolis. The associated rapid economic growths have started to impose costs in terms of industrial pollution and the degradation of urban environment. Air pollution is a major issue in this city that has been affecting human health, agricultural crops, forest species, and ecosystems. This paper reports findings of a research aimed at developing a tool needed to analyze the statistical characters of air quality data in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In this study, the theoretical distribution Log Normal was used to fit the parent distribution of PM10 for 1998 and 2002 for Kuala Lumpur.Item Embargo A comparison of nearby incremental ground level and in plant concentrations of air pollutants emitted from electronics facilities(Springer, 2006) P. L. Law; S. C. Gracie Chong; A. Baharun; A. Abdul RahmanAir dispersion modeling by was recently conducted to predict the incremental ground level and inplant concentrations of toxic organic chemicals due to stack and fugitive emissions from Sama Jaya Free Industrial Zone (SJFIZ), Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Simulations of organic air pollutants emitted from industrial facilities in SJFIZ from years 1996 to 2001 were carried out in September 2004 by members of Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS).Item Embargo Particulate matter dispersion and haze occurrence potential studies at a local palm oil mill(Springer, 2007) L. C. Abdullah; L. I. Wong; M., Saari; A. Salmiaton; M. S. Abdul RashidThe emissions from palm oil industry through incineration and open burning are the major sources of air pollutions contribution in Malaysia. The consequence of increasing the particulate concentration, the particulate matter dissolves with vapour and grows into droplets when the humidity exceeds approximately 70% and causing opaque situation known as haze. This work focuses on the dispersion particulate matter from palm oil mill. Gaussian Plume Model from a point source, subject to various atmospheric conditions is used to calculate particulate matter concentration then display the distribution of plume dispersion using geographic information system.Item Embargo Investigation of variations and trends in TSP concentrations in the Klang Valley region, Malaysia(Environmental Management Society Malaysia, 2007) Mohamed Elnour Yassen; Jamaluddin Md. JahiAir pollution in the atmosphere by TSP is a problem that has been growing for the last few years due to rapid industrialization, population growth and urbanization in the Klang Valley Region. Suspended particle levels are monitored in ambient air quality network of their potential impact on human health, visibility and climate. The objective of this study is to investigate variations and trends in TSP in the Klang Valley Region and to identify the main factors affecting the variation in TSP concentrations.Item Embargo Structure of the atmospheric surface layer over an industrialized equatorial area(Elsevier, 2008) Yusri Bin Yusup; Wan Ramli Wan Daud; Azami Zaharim; Meor Zainal Meor TalibThis paper is written to report observations of the structure of the atmospheric surface layer over a coastal industrialized equatorial area. The observations were recorded at Prai Industrial Park, Penang (5° 22'N, 100° 23'E) a relatively simple terrain area during the south-west monsoon season in the period of three months using slow response systems.Item Embargo Analysis of coal ash for trace elements and their geo-environmental implications(Springer, 2009) Harwant Singh; Prabir Kumar KolayThis study determined the content of trace elements in coal ash collected from a coal-fired thermal power plant using local coal from Sawarak, Malaysia. This is crucial for the potential impact on the geoenvironment from its disposal and utilization; as coal ash has recently been produced locally in substantial amounts and very limited data is available.Item Embargo Determination of trace metals in airborne particulate matter of Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia(Springer, 2009) N. Mohd Tahir; S. C. Poh; S. Suratman; M. M. Ariffin; N. A. M. Shazali; K. YunusResults from the present study in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia indicated a significant spatial variation but generally the total suspended particulate concentrations (mean = 17.2–148 µg/m³) recorded were below the recommended Malaysia guideline for total suspended particulate(mean of 24-h measurement = 260 µg/m³).Item Embargo Spatio-temporal characteristics of PM10 concentration across Malaysia(Elsevier, 2009) Liew Juneng; Mohd Talib Latif; Fredolin T. Tangang; Haslina MansorThe recurrence of forest fires in Southeast Asia and associated biomass burning, has contributed markedly to the problem of trans-boundary haze and the long-range movement of pollutants in the region. Air pollutants, specifically particulate matter in the atmosphere, have received extensive attention, mainly because of their adverse effect on people's health. In this study, the spatial and temporal variability of the PM10 concentration across Malaysia was analyzed by means of the rotated principal component analysis.