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Item Embargo A comparison of nearby incremental ground level and in plant concentrations of air pollutants emitted from electronics facilities(Springer, 2006) P. L. Law; S. C. Gracie Chong; A. Baharun; A. Abdul RahmanAir dispersion modeling by was recently conducted to predict the incremental ground level and inplant concentrations of toxic organic chemicals due to stack and fugitive emissions from Sama Jaya Free Industrial Zone (SJFIZ), Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Simulations of organic air pollutants emitted from industrial facilities in SJFIZ from years 1996 to 2001 were carried out in September 2004 by members of Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS).Item Embargo A New Android Application Framework (AAF) for API PM2.5 Data Management System(IOP Publishing, 2022) A S Sadun; M A Rosli; N H Hashim; J A Sukor; N Othman; N K Cheng; T C Si; C Y Ning2Air Pollution Index (API) is used in Malaysia to measure the ambient air quality and PM2.5 is one of its parameters for ambient air quality monitoring. However, most of the PM2.5 samplers available for research and monitoring by universities and monitoring providers are in manual mode in which the data was logged into the equipment data logger and was manually extracted to the personal computer before analysis. Therefore,this project is aimed to propose an Android Application Framework (AAF) containing IoT devices to monitor the real-time ambient air quality and disseminate computed API information through the social media platform. In this study, mobile apps which are Blynk was used and enabled the user to control remotely desirable outcomes at any time. E-sampler IoT interface, mobile application, data management, data management system, API judgment and information dissemination are proposed to make AAF succeed.Item Embargo A preliminary study on humic-like substances in particulate matter in Malaysia influenced by Indonesian peatland fires(Elsevier, 2021) Yusuke Fujii; Susumu Tohno; Kazuhiro Ikeda; Mastura Mahmud; Norimichi TakenakaIn this paper, ambient total suspended particulates (TSP) with a focus on humic-like substances (HULIS) are characterized based on intensive ground-based field samplings collected in Malaysia during non-haze and haze periods caused by peatland fires on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. Furthermore, concentrations of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and carbon content of HULIS (HULIS-C) were determined, and fluorescence spectra of the HULIS samples were recorded by excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy.Item Embargo A Review of PM10 Concentrations Modelling in Malaysia(IOP Publishing, 2020) Wan Nur Shaziayani; Ahmad Zia Ul-Saufie; Zuraira Libasin; Fuziatul Norsyiha Ahmad Shukri; Sharifah Sarimah Syed Abdullah; Norazian Mohamed NoorThe purpose of predictive modelling is to predict the variable of interest with reasonable precision, and often to assess the contribution of the independent variables to the dependent variable. In this paper, all of the works examined are aimed at predicting concentrations of outdoor PM10 concentrations. The vast majority of the works reported used almost exclusively predictors of the meteorological and source emissions.Item Embargo Air quality and land use in urban region of Petaling Jaya, Shah Alam and Klang, Malaysia(Thai Society of Higher Eduation Institutes on Environment, 2014) Oliver Ling Hoon Leh; Siti Nur Afiqah Mohamed Musthafa; Noralizawati MohamedIn line with the global trend of urbanisation, large population are staying in urban areas as compared to rural. However, urban area /region is always related to higher air pollution level as compared to less developed area/region. The major contributors of air pollution are mobile sources (transportation) and stationary sources (e.g. industry and power plant). Thus, the issue of air pollution is potentially caused by human choices and activities, and potentially affecting the human health. Therefore, the relationship between the urban activities (land use coverage/distribution) and air quality level should be well understood. It helps the urban managers, planners and all parties in constructing healthier urban policies. A study of air quality and the relationship with urban land uses was carried out in Malaysia's urban growth region of Klang-Shah Alam-Petaling Jaya. Air quality data was analysed in Air Pollution Index (API) with the classification of good, moderate, unhealthy, very unhealthy and hazardous levels.Item Embargo Air quality in Malaysia: Impacts, management issues and future challenges(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2001) Muhamad Bin Awang; Abu Bakar Jaafar; Ahmad Makmom Abdullah; Marzuki Bin Ismail; Mohd Nasir Hassan; Ramdzaini Abdullah; Shamsuddin Johan; Hamdan NoorObservations have been made on the long-term trends of major air pollutants in Malaysia including nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, the ozone and total suspended particulate matter (particularly PM10), and sulfur dioxide, emitted from industrial and urban areas from early 1970s until late 1998. The data show that the status of atmospheric environment in Malaysia, in particular in highly industrialized areas such as Klang Valley, was determined both by local and transboundary emissions and could be described as haze and non-haze periods.Item Embargo Air quality predictions using log normal distribution functions of particulate matter in Kuala Lumpur(Environmental Management Society Malaysia, 2006) Jannatul Naemah Mohamed Sedek; Nor Azam Ramli; Ahmad Shukri YahayaMalaysia's capital city of Kuala Lumpur has been developed from a small settlement at the confluence of the Klang and Gombak rivers into a vibrant and bustling metropolis. The associated rapid economic growths have started to impose costs in terms of industrial pollution and the degradation of urban environment. Air pollution is a major issue in this city that has been affecting human health, agricultural crops, forest species, and ecosystems. This paper reports findings of a research aimed at developing a tool needed to analyze the statistical characters of air quality data in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In this study, the theoretical distribution Log Normal was used to fit the parent distribution of PM10 for 1998 and 2002 for Kuala Lumpur.Item Embargo Air quality status during 2020 Malaysia Movement Control Order (MCO) due to 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pandemic(Elsevier, 2020) Samsuri Abdullah; Amalina Abu Mansor; Nur Nazmi Liyana Mohd Napi; Wan Nurdiyana Wan Mansor; Ali Najah Ahmed; Marzuki Ismail; Zamzam Tuah Ahmad RamlyAn outbreak of respiratory illness which is proven to be infected by a 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) officially named as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first detected in Wuhan, China and has spread rapidly in other parts of China as well as other countries around the world, including Malaysia. The first case in Malaysia was identified on 25 January 2020 and the number of cases continue to rise since March 2020. Therefore, 2020 Malaysia Movement Control Order (MCO) was implemented with the aim to isolate the source of the COVID-19 outbreak. As a result, there were fewer number of motor vehicles on the road and the operation of industries was suspended, ergo reducing emissions of hazardous air pollutants in the atmosphere. We had acquired the Air Pollutant Index (API) data from the Department of Environment Malaysia on hourly basis before and during the MCO with the aim to track the changes of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at 68 air quality monitoring stations.Item Embargo Airborne fungi in Universiti Sains Malaysia: knowledge, density and diversity(Springer, 2021) Tham Khai Xin; Nur Munira Azman; R. B. Radin Firdaus; Nor Azliza Ismail; Hafizi RosliAirborne fungi are among common contaminants in indoor and outdoor environments, leading to poor indoor air quality (IAQ), and to some extent, implicate health risks to humans worldwide. In Malaysia, fungal contamination in institutional buildings is rarely documented although these places are frequently visited by many. This study was conducted to assess the density and diversity of airborne fungi in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) main campus, PenangItem Embargo Airborne Particulate Matter and Meteorological Interactions during the Haze Period in Malaysia(Springer, 2013) Carolyn Payus; Noraini Abdullah; Norela SulaimanHaze has become a major concern as it has highly significant impacts over Malaysia by several occurrences of haze episodes throughout the country. During the haze periods, airborne particulate matter (PM10) was found as the major pollutant while the other air quality parameters remained within the permissible healthy standards. Haze arise by fires from land clearing in Indonesia that builds up during the dry season affecting tourism, transportation, biodiversity, and contributing to health problems across the region. The variations of the PM10 concentrations are due to various atmospheric processes of emissions, dilutions and accumulations that are affected by meteorological conditions. In this study, an analysis of haze status will be performed using PM10 values from two commercial urban and industrial areas, which involved Kajang and Shah Alam, and one station that was located outside the city, which is in Kota Bahru, Kelantan, that was selected as a rural station for comparison. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation of PM10 concentrations with the meteorological factors (namely on temperature, wind speed and ultraviolet intensity) at different monitoring stations (at different type of land use).Item Embargo Ambient BTEX levels over urban, suburban and rural areas in Malaysia(Springer, 2019) Haris Hafizal Abd Hamid; Mohd Talib Latif; Mohd Shahrul Mohd Nadzir; Royston Uning; Md Firoz Khan; Narayanan KannanBenzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers (BTEX) are volatile organic air pollutants of concern which arise from natural and anthropogenic sources. This study aims to determine and evaluate the BTEX levels in ambient air in selected areas of Malaysia, namely: Kuala Lumpur (KL-urban), Penang (PG-urban), Bangi (BG-suburban), Langkawi (LGK-suburban) and the Danum Valley (DV-rural). Active sampling with sorbent tubes was applied in this study and samples were analysed using thermal desorption (TD) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Item Embargo Analysis of coal ash for trace elements and their geo-environmental implications(Springer, 2009) Harwant Singh; Prabir Kumar KolayThis study determined the content of trace elements in coal ash collected from a coal-fired thermal power plant using local coal from Sawarak, Malaysia. This is crucial for the potential impact on the geoenvironment from its disposal and utilization; as coal ash has recently been produced locally in substantial amounts and very limited data is available.Item Embargo Analysis of Transported Pollution and Haze-related Diseases via HYSPLIT Trajectory Modelling in the Urbanized Area of Johor, Malaysia(IOP Publishing, 2019) Nur H. Hanafi; Mimi H. Hassim; Zainura Z. Noor; Denny K. S. Ng; Nor Harrin Nor Helmi; Nurazimah M. ArisExposure to the haze pollutants may cause a diverse range of health impacts including symptoms that lead to treatment-seeking behavior, outpatient and emergency department visits, and hospitalization for moderate and severe cases and mortality for the worst-case scenarios. This study is carried out as an effort to understand how the haze occurrence that has been plaguing South East Asia affect the health of the citizen in Malaysia, particularly in Johor due to its close proximity to Sumatra which has been identified as one of the hotspots for frequent forest fires. The study is done in Larkin and Pasir Gudang where health cases caused by poor air quality such as conjunctivitis, URTI and asthma have been identified while HYSPLIT model indicates the trajectory of the wind at different heights to help us understand how wind movement during the selected time of the year causes haze formation.Item Embargo Anionic surfactants and traffic related emission from an urban area of Perak, Malaysia(Springer, 2019) Helmiah Abdul Razak; Nurul Bahiyah Abd Wahid; Mohd Talib LatifAnionic surfactants are one of the pollutants derived from particulate matter (PM) and adversely affect the health of living organisms. In this study, the compositions of surfactants extracted from PM and vehicle soot collected in an urban area were investigated. A high-volume air sampler was used to collect PM sample at urban area based on coarse (> 1.5 µm) and fine (< 1.5 µm) mode particles. Meanwhile, the vehicle soot was collected randomly from the exhaust pipe of various types of diesel and petrol vehicles using a soft brush during dry days. The concentration of anionic surfactants, such as Methylene Blue Active Substances (MBAS), was determined by the colorimetric method using UV–Vis Spectrophotometer. Morphological properties of the PM and exhaust soot sample was studied using feld-emission scanning electron microscope.Item Embargo Application of K-Means Clustering and Calendar View Visualisation for Air Pollution Index Analysis(IOP Publishing, 2022) Z Ali Omar; Siti Rahayu Mohd Hashim; Justin Sentian; Su Na ChinTwo years of diurnal concentration of particulate matter (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide with the addition of relative humidity measurement, collected from Putrajaya, Malaysia's ground-based measurement station from January 2014 to December 2015, were analysed. K-means clustering was employed and optimal clusters of four were identified for each year based on the most suggested number of clusters from internal cluster validation measures of the total within sum of square, silhouette index and gap statistics. Each cluster was then profiled where each mean pollutant sub-indices were calculated and the contributing pollutant to the air pollution index (API) was determined by looking at the maximum value from all sub-indices. This mechanism closely follows the Recommended Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines (RMG) for determining API.Item Embargo Application of the first order of Markov chain model in describing the PM10 occurences in Shah Alam and Jerantut, Malaysia(Universiti Pertanian Malaysia Press, 2018) Mohamad, N. S.; Deni, S. M.; Ul-Saufie, A. Z.PM10 has been identified as being a common problem in Malaysia and many other countries all over the world. A Markov chain probability model is found to fit the average daily PM10 concentrations data of urban station (Shah Alam) and background area station (Jerantut) in Malaysia. This study aims to identify the occurrence of polluted and non-polluted days affected by PM10 concentrations based on data for 12 years' period (2002-2013).Item Embargo Assessing Short Term Air Quality Trend in Malaysia based on Air Pollution Index (API)(IOP Publishing, 2022) J Sentian; M S Nur Sayzni; C PayusAir Pollution Index (API) is used in Malaysia to determine the daily air quality status, which is calculated based on the daily concentrations of particulate matter (PM10), ground level ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). This study presents short-term air quality trends based on API from the 52 air quality monitoring stations nationwide between 2010 and 2016. The air quality data and meteorological conditions were obtained from the Department of Environment and used for the API calculation. The API value is classified into six categories, namely: Good (0-50), Moderate (51-100), Unhealthy (101-200), Very Unhealthy (201-300), Hazardous (301-500), and Emergency (above 500). The coefficient of variation (CV) and Mann-Kendall trend test (MK) were used to assess the API variation and trend in each air quality monitoring station. Between the study periods, the API values were largely varied. Observation at 32 air quality monitoring stations have shown significant but small increasing trends, while 12 stations showed significant decreasing trends, and the remaining 8 stations showed no significant trends. The frequency of exceedance (API>50) was used to assess the percentages of unhealthy days.Item Embargo Assessment of Indoor Air Quality of Daycare Centres in Northern Area of Peninsular Malaysia: A Case Study in Perlis(IOP Publishing, 2020) Chinathamby P; Mohamed Noor; Yusuf S Y; Annas S; Abd Kadir AThe aim of this study was to investigate and quantify the exposure level of indoor air contaminants within the chosen DCCs at Perlis and to analyse the survey on the health effects on Indoor Air Quality of DCCs in the District of Perlis, Malaysia. IAQ monitoring was carried out at two DCCs located in different areas of Perlis which are Kangar and Pauh. The selected parameters measured were total volatile organic compound, carbon monoxide and ozone using the Department of Occupational Health and Safety analytical method. Modified validated questionnaires were distributed to parents to obtain their children's health symptoms.Item Embargo Bayesian autoregressive spatiotemporal model of PM10 concentrations across Peninsular Malaysia(Springer, 2018) Edna Manga; Norhashidah AwangRapid industrialization and haze episodes in Malaysia ensure pollution remains a public health challenge. Atmospheric pollutants such as PM10 are typically variable in space and time. The increased vigilance of policy makers in monitoring pollutant levels has led to vast amounts of spatiotemporal data available for modelling and inference. The aim of this study is to model and predict the spatiotemporal daily PM10 levels across Peninsular Malaysia. A hierarchical autoregressive spatiotemporal model is applied to daily PM10 concentration levels from thirty-four monitoring stations in Peninsular Malaysia during January to December 2011.Item Embargo Biomass burning as the main source of organic aerosol particulate matter in Malaysia during haze episodes(Elsevier, 2004) M. Radzi bin Abas; Daniel R. Oros; B.R.T. SimoneitThe haze episodes that occurred in Malaysia in September-October 1991, August-October 1994 and September-October 1997 have been attributed to suspended smoke particulate matter from biomass burning in southern Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia. In the present study, polar organic compounds in aerosol particulate matter from Malaysia are converted to their trimethylsilyl derivatives and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in order to better assess the contribution of the biomass burning component during the haze episodes.