Caffeine residue in Terengganu river basins in Malaysia: Distribution and risk assessment

Abstract

The occurrence of caffeine residue in Malaysian waters was successfully studied. The micropollutant abundance was recorded for three selected main rivers namely Terengganu, Ibai and Setiu which are located in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. Surface water samples were taken twice in September and November 2018 from 15 sampling stations. Caffeine residue was determined using the solid phase extraction technique followed by a final analysis using a high performance liquid chromatography-UV detector.

Description

Keywords

Emerging contaminant, Stimulant drug, Risk quotient, Pharmaceutical residue

Citation

Khalik, A. W. M., Mohd, W., Loh, S. H., Albani, H., Alias, S., Aisyah, S., & Rahman, K. U. (2020). Caffeine Residue in Terengganu River Basins in Malaysia: Distribution and Risk Assessment. Nature Environment & Pollution Technology, 19(2).

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