Carbon Cycle
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Item Embargo Assessment of Peat Fire Susceptibility for Carbon Emission Reduction(IOP Publishing, 2023) M A H Ahmad Nizam; S Mat Taib; N Z Mohd Yunus; N SamanThis paper aims are; a) to identify the peat classification based on peat depth and groundwater level; b) to identify CO2 content stored and CO2 emission of peat within the study area; c) to produce a hotspot hazard map using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and geospatial technologies. These are vital components in producing a holistic peat fire management approach.Item Embargo Carbon stores from a tropical seagrass meadow in the midst of anthropogenic disturbance(Elsevier, 2017) Mohammad Rozaimi; Mohammad Fairoz; Tuan Mohamad Hakimi; Nur Hidayah Hamdan; Ramlan Omar; Masni Mohd Ali; Siti Aishah TahirinSeagrass meadows provide important carbon sequestration services but anthropogenic activities modify the natural ecosystem and inevitably lower carbon storage capacity. The tropical mixed-species meadows in the Sungai Pulai Estuary (Johor, Malaysia) are impacted by such activities. In this study, we provide baseline estimates for carbon stores analysed from sediment cores.Item Embargo CO2 exchange of a tropical rainforest at Pasoh in Peninsular Malaysia(Elsevier, 2008) Yoshiko Kosugi; Satoru Takanashi; Shinjiro Ohkubo; Naoko Matsuo; Makoto Tani; Tomonori Mitani; Daizo Tsutsumi; Abdul Rahim NikAn obvious inhibition of canopy CO2 exchange in the afternoon coupling with increases in VPD and air temperature was observed year-round. In the case of nighttime NEE, a slight increase in wet period was observed. Diurnal pattern of CO2 exchange revealed that obvious restriction of canopy photosynthesis in the afternoon was occurred in this forest irrespective of soil moisture. Seasonal and annual patterns of CO2 exchange reveal that one of the main causes which induce the difference in NEE pattern between Amazonian and Southeast Asian rainforests was not the difference in daytime photosynthesis but the difference in ecosystem respiration related with dry and rainy seasons. The decrease of CO2 uptake (increase of NEE) at wet period was also observed at this site, but did not form an obvious seasonality such as in Amazonian forests.Item Embargo Understanding flow of carbon and nitrogen in Malaysian sanitary landfill(Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 2013) Venu Mahendra MS.; Mohd Afzanizam M.; Agamuthu P.Landfill can be an artificial carbon sink; accumulates and stores carbon-containing chemical compound for an indefinite period. Landfill posed risks of undesired environmental impacts due to the generation of leachate and gases namely carbon dioxide, CO2 and methane, CH4 with trace amounts of nonmethane organic compounds (NMOC) that include air pollutants and volatile organic compounds. Elements were selected based on environmental matrix and importance as raw materials with definite negative effects.Item Embargo Soil carbon stocks in Sarawak, Malaysia(Elsevier, 2013) E. Padmanabhan; H. Eswaran; P.F. ReichThe purpose of this study is to estimate carbon stocks available under current conditions in Sarawak, Malaysia. SOC estimates are made for a standard depth of 100 cm unless the soil by definition is less than this depth, as in the case of lithic subgroups.Item Embargo Taking stock of mangrove and seagrass blue carbon ecosystems: A perspective for future carbon trading(UMS, 2017) John Barry GallagherSeagrass and mangroves support a number of ecosystem services, such as sustaining marine fisheries, water clarity, and the protection of shoreline from erosion. Producing a national and global consensus of their total worth is a challenge. More often than not the variety and distal evaluation approaches do not fit comfortably within current market-based economic models, which are arguably more capable of swaying government policy in assessing their preservation over economic development. The exception to this rule is the increasing recognition of the importance of these systems as a carbon sink for combating "greenhouse" gas emissions. In response, these sinks have been labelled as 'Blue Carbon, a rhetorical tool to distinguish them from terrestrial and ocean sinks, and the different approaches they would require for conservation.Item Embargo Mangroves - a carbon source and sink(Pergamon Press, 1993) Ong Jin EongThe mangrove ecosystem in many wet tropical areas represents one of the most, if not the most productive of natural ecosystems. The question that has occupied the minds of many mangrove scientists is "What is the fate of this high productivity"? More recently this question has gained added relevance as a result of the increase in global carbon dioxide concentration. Are mangroves sinks of atmospheric carbon?. To demonstrate that the terms "source" and "sink" are relative terms, we show that mangroves may (at the same time as being a sink for atmospheric carbon) also be a source of carbon in that they may out-well significant amounts of carbon to adjacent coastal ecosystems and thus play a vital role in coastal fisheries production.Item Embargo CO2 balance of a secondary tropical peat swamp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia(Elsevier, 2018) Frankie Kiew; Ryuichi Hirata; Takashi Hirano; Guan Xhuan Wong; Edward Baran Aeries; Kevin Kemudang Musin; Joseph Wenceslaus Waili; Kim San Lo; Mariko Shimizue; Lulie MellingThrough the land conversion, peat carbon has become vulnerable and potentially changes to a great carbon dioxide (CO2) source to the atmosphere. It is essential to quantify the CO2 balance of the ecosystem and understand how the CO2 balance responds to environmental changes to predict the role of PSF in global carbon cycles. However, filed studies based on the ecosystem-scale monitoring of CO2 flux are quite limited. Thus, we began CO2 flux monitoring over a secondary PSF in Sarawak, Malaysia, by the eddy covariance technique in 2010.Item Embargo High pressure CO2 adsorption onto Malaysian Mukah-Balingian coals: Adsorption isotherms, thermodynamic and kinetic investigations(Elsevier, 2023) Mustafa Abunowara; Mohamad Azmi Bustam; Suriati Sufian; Muhammad Babar; Usama Eldemerdash; Ahmad Mukhtar; Sami Ullah; Mohammed Ali Assiri; Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi; Su Shiung LamCO2 sequestration into coalbed seams is one of the practical routes for mitigating CO2 emissions. The adsorption mechanisms of CO2 onto Malaysian coals, however, are not yet investigated. In this research CO2 adsorption isotherms were first performed on dry and wet Mukah-Balingian coal samples at temperatures ranging from 300 to 348 K and pressures up to 6 MPa using volumetric technique. The dry S1 coal showed the highest CO2 adsorption capacity of 1.3 mmol g−1, at 300 K and 6 MPa among the other coal samples. The experimental results of CO2 adsorption were investigated using adsorption isotherms, thermodynamics, and kinetic models.Item Embargo Estimation of carbon pool in soil, above and below ground vegetation at different types of mangrove forests in Peninsular Malaysia(Elsevier, 2018) Rozainah M.Z.; M.N. Nazri; A.B. Sofawi; Z. Hemati; W.A. JulianaThis paper evaluated the total carbon stock of mangrove ecosystems in two contrasting sites: a fishing village in Delta Kelantan (DK) and Ramsar sites in Johor Park (JP).Item Embargo Health impacts from TRAPs and carbon emissions in the projected electric vehicle growth and energy generation mix scenarios in Malaysia(Elsevier, 2023) Soo Chen Kwan; Sazalina binti Zakaria; Mohd Faiz Ibrahim; Wan Rozita Wan Mahiyuddin; Nurzawani Md Sofwan; Muhammad Ikram A Wahab; Radin Diana R. Ahmad; Ahmad Rosly Abbas; Wei Kian Woon; Mazrura SahaniRoad transport contributes over 70% of air pollution in urban areas and is the second largest contributor to the total carbon dioxide emissions in Malaysia at 21% in 2016. Transport related air pollutants (TRAPs) such as NOx, SO2, CO and particulate matter (PM) pose significant threats to the urban population’s health. Malaysia has targeted to deploy 885,000 EV cars on the road by 2030 in the Low Carbon Mobility Blueprint (LCMB). This study aims to quantify the health co-benefits of electric vehicle adoption from their impacts on air quality in Malaysia. Two EV uptake projections, i.e. LCMB and Revised EV Adoption (REVA) projections, and five electricity generation mix scenarios were modelled up to 2040. We used comparative health risk assessment to estimate the potential changes in mortality and burden of diseases (BoD) from the emissions in each scenario. Intake fractions and exposure-risk functions were used to calculate the burden from respiratory diseases