(Springer, 2021) Zhanar Nurgazina; Arif Ullah; Uzair Ali; Mansoor Ahmed Koondhar; Qian Lu
Globally, the rising concentration of anthropogenic greenhouse gases emission in the atmosphere is extremely detrimental to the environment. The high concentration among all greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide emission. Therefore, this study explores the linkages between energy consumption, trade openness, globalization, urbanization, and carbon dioxide emission for Malaysia over the spans from 1978 to 2018.