(Springer, 2019) F. A. Z. Abdul Hamid; A. F. Abu Bakar; T. F. Ng; A. A. Ghani; M. T. Mohamad Zulkifey
This study discusses the distribution and contamination levels of potentially harmful elements (As, Pb, Ni, and Cd) in the urban top soil of Penang Island, one of the most important urban areas in Malaysia. The total surface area of Penang Island is 297 km2. Thirty-one surface soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected, digested and analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for As, Pb, Ni, and Cd.