Ibrahim Sani ShabandaIsa Baba KokiKah Hin LowSharifuddin Md ZainSook Mei KhorNor Kartini Abu Bakar2024-05-202024-05-202019https://repoemc.ukm.my/handle/123456789/1288Human health is threatened by significant emissions of heavy metals into the urban environment due to various activities. Various studies describing health risk analyses on soil and dust have been conducted previously. However, there are limited studies that have been carried out regarding the potential health risk assessment of heavy metals in urban road dust of < 63-μm diameter, via incidental ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation exposure routes by children and adults in developing countries. Therefore, this study evaluated the health risks of heavy metal exposure via ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation of urban dust particles in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.enHealth riskHeavy metalExposure pathwaysUrban dustMonte CarloJournal