Dan NorbäckJamal Hisham HashimZailina HashimFaridah Ali2024-05-202024-05-202017Norbäck, D., Hashim, J. H., Hashim, Z., & Ali, F. (2017). Volatile organic compounds (VOC), formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in schools in Johor Bahru, Malaysia: Associations with rhinitis, ocular, throat and dermal symptoms, headache and fatigue. Science of the Total Environment, 592, 153-160.https://repoemc.ukm.my/handle/123456789/1251This paper studied associations between volatile organic compounds (VOC), formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in schools in Malaysia and rhinitis, ocular, nasal and dermal symptoms, headache and fatigue among students. Pupils from eight randomly selected junior high schools in Johor Bahru, Malaysia (N = 462), participated (96%). VOC, formaldehyde and NO2 were measured by diffusion sampling (one week) and VOC also by pumped air sampling during class. Associations were calculated by multi-level logistic regression adjusting for personal factors, the home environment and microbial compounds in the school dust.enVolatile organic compounds (VOC)FormaldehydeNitrogen dioxide (NO2)School environmentSick building syndrome (SBS)RhinitisJournal