Sze Yee WeeDidi Erwandi Mohamad HaronAhmad Zaharin ArisFatimah Md. YusoffSarva Mangala Praveena2024-05-202024-05-202020Wee, S. Y., Haron, D. E. M., Aris, A. Z., Yusoff, F. M., & Praveena, S. M. (2020). Active pharmaceutical ingredients in Malaysian drinking water: consumption, exposure, and human health risk. Environmental geochemistry and health, 42, 3247-3261.https://repoemc.ukm.my/handle/123456789/1294Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are typical endocrine disruptors found in common pharmaceuticals and personal care products, which are frequently detected in aquatic environments, especially surface water treated for drinking. However, current treatment technologies are inefficient for removing emerging endocrine disruptors, leading to the potential contamination of tap water. This study employed an optimized analytical method comprising solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (SPE–LC–MS/MS) to detect APIs in tap water in Putrajaya, Malaysia.enPharmaceuticalsEndocrine disruptorTap waterDrinking waterHuman health risk assessmentRisk quotientJournal