Evaluation of In-Vehicle Pollutants Exposure during Movement Control Order (MCO) and Respiratory Symptoms Among Bus Drivers in Kota Bahru, Malaysia

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dc.contributor.authorZhafir Adam Ayub
dc.contributor.authorJuliana Jalaludin
dc.contributor.authorKhairul Nizam Mohd Isa
dc.contributor.authorNorMohd Razif Noraini
dc.coverage.publicationMalaysia
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-10T03:25:05Z
dc.date.available2024-05-10T03:25:05Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractExposure to in-vehicle air pollutants has been recognized as a risk factor for respiratory diseases. The present study therefore investigates the factors, including duration of employment and in-vehicle concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) that can influence the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in commercial bus drivers. A total of 34 bus drivers and 51 administrative staff (comparative group) from the bus operator in Kota Bahru, Malaysia were randomly enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The personal characteristics and respiratory symptoms were reported using a validated questionnaire from the American Thoracic Society (ATS-DLD-78-A). In-vehicle concentrations of PM2.5, CO2 and NO2 were continuously measured over eight hours on each bus driver.
dc.identifier.citationAyub, Z. A., Jalaludin, J., Isa, K. N. M., & Noraini, N. M. R. (2022). Evaluation of in-vehicle pollutants exposure and respiratory symptoms among bus drivers in Kota Bahru, Malaysia. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1013, No. 1, p. 012010). IOP Publishing.
dc.identifier.urihttps://repoemc.ukm.my/handle/123456789/509
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherIOP Publishing
dc.publisher.alternativeIOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
dc.subjectBus driver
dc.subjectIn-vehicle pollutants
dc.subjectPM2.5
dc.subjectCO2
dc.subjectRespiratory symptoms
dc.titleEvaluation of In-Vehicle Pollutants Exposure during Movement Control Order (MCO) and Respiratory Symptoms Among Bus Drivers in Kota Bahru, Malaysia
dc.typeJournal

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