Volatile organic compounds (VOC), formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in schools in Johor Bahru, Malaysia: Associations with rhinitis, ocular, throat and dermal symptoms, headache and fatigue

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dc.contributor.authorDan Norbäck
dc.contributor.authorJamal Hisham Hashim
dc.contributor.authorZailina Hashim
dc.contributor.authorFaridah Ali
dc.coverage.publicationMalaysia
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-20T02:04:32Z
dc.date.available2024-05-20T02:04:32Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.description.abstractThis paper studied associations between volatile organic compounds (VOC), formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in schools in Malaysia and rhinitis, ocular, nasal and dermal symptoms, headache and fatigue among students. Pupils from eight randomly selected junior high schools in Johor Bahru, Malaysia (N = 462), participated (96%). VOC, formaldehyde and NO2 were measured by diffusion sampling (one week) and VOC also by pumped air sampling during class. Associations were calculated by multi-level logistic regression adjusting for personal factors, the home environment and microbial compounds in the school dust.
dc.identifier.citationNorbäck, D., Hashim, J. H., Hashim, Z., & Ali, F. (2017). Volatile organic compounds (VOC), formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in schools in Johor Bahru, Malaysia: Associations with rhinitis, ocular, throat and dermal symptoms, headache and fatigue. Science of the Total Environment, 592, 153-160.
dc.identifier.urihttps://repoemc.ukm.my/handle/123456789/1251
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.publisher.alternativeScience of The Total Environment
dc.subjectVolatile organic compounds (VOC)
dc.subjectFormaldehyde
dc.subjectNitrogen dioxide (NO2)
dc.subjectSchool environment
dc.subjectSick building syndrome (SBS)
dc.subjectRhinitis
dc.titleVolatile organic compounds (VOC), formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in schools in Johor Bahru, Malaysia: Associations with rhinitis, ocular, throat and dermal symptoms, headache and fatigue
dc.typeJournal

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