Active pharmaceutical ingredients in Malaysian drinking water: consumption, exposure, and human health risk
Date
2020
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Springer
Abstract
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are typical endocrine disruptors found in common pharmaceuticals and personal care products, which are frequently detected in aquatic environments, especially surface water treated for drinking. However, current treatment technologies are inefficient for removing emerging endocrine disruptors, leading to the potential contamination of tap water. This study employed an optimized analytical method comprising solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (SPE–LC–MS/MS) to detect APIs in tap water in Putrajaya, Malaysia.
Description
Keywords
Pharmaceuticals, Endocrine disruptor, Tap water, Drinking water, Human health risk assessment, Risk quotient
Citation
Wee, S. Y., Haron, D. E. M., Aris, A. Z., Yusoff, F. M., & Praveena, S. M. (2020). Active pharmaceutical ingredients in Malaysian drinking water: consumption, exposure, and human health risk. Environmental geochemistry and health, 42, 3247-3261.