(Springer, 2023) Milad Bagheri; Zelina Z. Ibrahim; Isabelle D. Wolf; Mohd Fadzil Akhir; Wan Izatul Asma Wan Talaat; Bahareh Oryani
The impact of global warming presents an increased risk to the world’s shorelines. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that the twenty-first century experienced a severe global mean sea-level rise due to human-induced climate change. Therefore, coastal planners require reasonably accurate estimates of the rate of sea-level rise and the potential impacts, including extreme sea-level changes, floods, and shoreline erosion.