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    The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air particles and estimation of the respiratory deposition flux
    (Elsevier, 2023) Nur Ain Nazirah Binti Najurudeen; Md Firoz Khan; Hamidah Suradi; Ummay Ayesha Mim; Israt Nur Janntul Raim; Sara Binte Rashid; Mohd Talib Latif; Muhammad Nurul Huda
    Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmospheric particles constitute a topic of growing health concern. This study aims to calculate PAH concentrations, identify the source, assess the health risk from exposure to carcinogenic PAHs, and the respiratory deposition flux. PM10 and PM2.5 were collected in September 2019 in the urban, semi-urban, and semi-urban-industrial areas of Kuala Lumpur, Batu Pahat, and Bukit Rambai, respectively. A total of 18 PAHs from PM10 and 17 PAHs from PM2.5 were extracted using dichloromethane and determined using gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The health risk assessment (HRA) calculated included B[a]P equivalent (B[a]Peq), lifetime lung cancer risk (LLCR), incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), and respiratory deposition dose (RDD).